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癲癇病患者在發作的時候可以用哪些藥物進行急救?

文章來源:癲癇醫院 發布時間:2023-10-24

癲癇的發病理論上對患者的生命威脅很小,但由于癲癇的患病程度的嚴重性不同,少數大發作可能會引發窒息。而患者發病時自身難以控制,易出現跌傷、骨折。癲癇的持續狀態若沒有及時穩定下來,引起酸中毒、腦水腫而導致患者死亡的案例也是常有發現。所以當癲癇患者發病時,需要親屬第一時間的急救。下面介紹一些癲癇發作的急救措施:

1、緊急的藥物治療

首先癲癇藥物治療對控制本病的發作至關重要,治療及時得當,可使90%以上的癲癇患者取得良好的效果,但臨床上進行癲癇藥物治療時,總的原則是使用最少的藥物和最小的藥劑量以達到控制癲癇發作,同時在應用藥物過程中又不產生明顯的毒副反應。

2、保持呼吸道通暢

使患者頭偏向一邊,讓分泌物流出,逼免誤吸,如果患者有佩戴假牙等,應及時取出,對于持續昏迷者,應給予口咽管通氣,必要時行氣管切開術,勤吸痰。如發現換不足,應及時給予人工通氣。

3、刺激穴道

先保持患者枕仰臥或側臥,再解開患者身上束縛的衣物,刺激或點壓患者人中、合谷、足三里、涌泉等穴位,切記不要強行束縛住病人抖動的肢體,以免造成患者骨折。

4、其他并發癥處理

如果患者高熱時可行物理降溫,并及時糾正酸堿平衡和電解質紊亂,如果是腦水腫應給予甘露醇,還需要防治肺部感染,對癥狀性癲癇需要針對病因做相應處理。正確的處理使得抽搐停止后,可給苯巴比妥0.2g肌內注射,8-12小時1次維持控制,清醒后鈣口服抗癲癇藥物。

最后提醒,癲癇患者在生活中適當的體力和腦力活動中不能過度疲勞,要有良好的生活習慣和飲食習慣。


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